Cost of Space Flight Before and After SpaceX

Cost of Space Flight Before and After SpaceX

Visual Capitalist has a graphic showing the decrease in the cost of space flights before and after Elon Musk's private initiative SpaceX.The message:
"In the last two decades, space startup companies have demonstrated they can compete against heavyweight aerospace contractors as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. Today, a SpaceX rocket launching can be 97% cheaper than a Russian Soyuz ride cost in the ’60s."
Viral: The Origin of Covid-19

Viral: The Origin of Covid-19

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWKzHGXxFm8Issues covered include:
  • What are the implications of the Lab Leak Theory?
  • What is the probability the virus came directly from Nature?
  • What are the implications for progress, human wellbeing?
  • Does Gain Of Function make sense?
Yaron discusses this and much more with Matt Ridley, co-author with Alina Chan of Viral: The Search For the Origins of Covid-19.
Vaccine Mandates: An Inversion of Medical Ethics and a Reversal of Public Health Policy

Vaccine Mandates: An Inversion of Medical Ethics and a Reversal of Public Health Policy

The arguments of Jane M. Orient written over two decades ago on the nature of mandatory vaccines still ring true today:
Mandates have a profound effect on medical practice. Once a vaccine is mandated for children, the manufacturer and the physician administering the vaccine are substantially relieved of liability for adverse effects. (3) The relationship of patient and physician is shattered: in administering the vaccine, the physician is serving as the agent of the state. To the extent that the physician simply complies, without making an independent evaluation of the appropriateness of the vaccine for each patient, he is abdicating his responsibility under the Oath of Hippocrates to “prescribe regimen for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.” Instead, he is applying the new population-based ethic in which the interests of the individual patient may be sacrificed to the “needs of society.”If a physician advises against a mandated vaccine, he faces increased legal liability if the patient is infected with the disease. In addition, he may risk his very livelihood if he is dependent upon income from “health plans” that use vaccine compliance as a measure of “quality.”It is perhaps not surprising, although still reprehensible, that physicians sometimes behave in a very callous manner toward parents who question the need for certain vaccines. I have even heard reports of physicians threatening to call Child Protective Services to remove the child from parental custody if a parent refused a vaccine — even after the child had screamed inconsolably for hours after each of the first two doses. The federal policy of mandating vaccines marks a monumental change in the concept of public health. Traditionally, public health authorities restricted the liberties of individuals only in case of a clear and present danger to public health. For example, individuals infected with a transmissible disease were quarantined. Today, a child may be deprived of his liberty to associate with others, or even of his supposed right to a public education, simply because of being unimmunized. Yet, if a child is uninfected, his unprotected status is not a threat to anyone else. On the other hand, immunization of a child who is already infected (or who becomes infected in spite of the vaccine) is of no protective value to anyone. This represents a reversal of the earlier policy of preventing exposure to infectious agents. In fact, it takes exposure — as to contaminated needles or promiscuous sex — as a given, while begging the question of whether protection against hepatitis B has any overall effect on morbidity or mortality in a population that also exposes itself to worse hazards.
Read the rest.
An Open Letter to Elizabeth Warren on Natural Gas Prices

An Open Letter to Elizabeth Warren on Natural Gas Prices

Senator Warren blamed natural gas CEOs for rising prices. Here’s how I would respond if I were them.

Dear Senator Warren,Today, 12/7, is the deadline you gave natural gas CEOs to respond to your letter blaming them for rising natural gas prices—which you are in fact to blame for. Here’s how proud gas CEOs would answer you if they were not afraid of your political wrath.Sincerely,Alex Epstein Energy expert Founder and President, Center for Industrial Progress Author of The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels and Fossil Future Creator of EnergyTalkingPoints.com Tweet this | Email this Dear Senator Warren,In your letter you claim “concern about rising natural gas prices,” which you attribute to my and other “energy companies’ corporate greed.”But if you want to avoid unnecessarily high gas prices, you must recognize that they are your fault, not ours.There are three basic facts that explain unnecessarily high natural gas prices:
  1. Prices are determined by supply and demand, not “greed.”
  2. America has an effectively unlimited supply of gas.
  3. You and other anti-gas politicians have artificially restricted the supply of gas.
 

Fact 1: Prices are determined by supply and demand, not “greed.”

If we could control natural gas prices in our favor, why didn’t we do so during unprofitable 2015-20? Our profits are determined by a) the market price for our product and b) our efficiency.1When prices go up, it is crucial that companies can profit for two reasons.
  1. We earned our profit through efficiency.
  2. Profits motivate and make possible investment, which lowers long-term prices.
Your railing against our profits is unjust and shortsighted.

Fact 2: America has an effectively unlimited supply of gas

Thanks to the shale revolution, aka “fracking,” which you have tried to ban, the US has enough natural gas to supply us and other nations for decades just with current technology—and for centuries with future technology.2The only thing that can stop our industry from producing low-cost natural gas for America and the world—including the billions of poor people whose lives we improve—is politicians who coercively restrict our otherwise limitless ability to produce low-cost natural gas.

Fact 3: You and other anti-gas politicians have artificially restricted the supply of gas

When you and other anti-gas politicians place draconian restrictions on natural gas production and transport, and threaten to do far worse, supply goes down and prices go up.The number one bottleneck to lower gas prices is a lack of pipelines and export facilities to transport natural gas from where it is drilled to markets throughout the US and around the world. You have contributed to this problem by avidly opposing pipelines and export facilities.3Another major cause of unnecessarily high gas prices is a lack of investment in natural gas, caused by political threats to the future of natural gas. No one has threatened the future of natural gas more than you. You have even talked about imprisoning executives of our industry!4The worst imaginable thing that could happen for natural gas prices is to ban fracking–which is a crucial technology for almost 80% of American natural gas. Yet you have advocated a policy of “ban fracking—everywhere.” Do you now see what a catastrophe this would be?5Senator Warren, I am deeply disappointed that rather than doing the right thing and addressing your role in unnecessarily high natural gas prices, you are instead denying it and advocating a policy that will make things far worse: further restricting natural gas transport.I must also add that your call to prevent the export of natural gas during a global energy crisis is particularly harmful. The American natural gas industry is, for millions of poor people around the world, their greatest hope to be able to heat their homes this winter.Senator Warren, you owe the American public and our industry an apology for 1) your numerous actions to drive up the price of natural gas, 2) your denial of responsibility, and 3) your unjust attack on an industry that sustains billions of lives.Sincerely,A Proud Gas ProducerYou can read the letter in PDF form here and in talking point form here.Here’s the Twitter version of my letter. If you use Twitter, please share it with Senator Warren (@SenWarren). If enough people bring attention to this letter there’s a good chance Senator Warren will feel compelled to respond.References1 U.S. Energy Information Administration - Natural Gas Prices https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm
2 “On my first day as president, I will sign an executive order that puts a total moratorium on all new fossil fuel leases for drilling offshore and on public lands. And I will ban fracking—everywhere.” https://twitter.com/ewarren/status/1170070887887986690 “Most of the production increases since 2005 are the result of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, notably in shale, sandstone, carbonate, and other tight geologic formations.” https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/where-our-natural-gas-comes-from.php “The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that in 2020, U.S. dry shale gas production was about 26.3 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), and equal to about 79% of total U.S. dry natural gas production in 2020.” https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=907&t=8 https://www.energy.gov/fecm/science-innovation/oil-gas-research/methane-hydrate3 https://detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/02/26/elizabeth-warren-calls-line-5-shutdown/4885611002/ https://www.enbridge.com/~/media/Enb/Documents/Factsheets/FS_Without_Line5_econ_impact.pdf https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-markey-and-warren-to-reintroduce-legislation-to-block-infrastructure-used-to-export-americas-natural-gas4 https://grist.org/article/elizabeth-warrens-new-plan-would-jail-lying-fossil-fuel-executives/ https://medium.com/@teamwarren/fighting-corporate-perjury-2346950a08b85 “On my first day as president, I will sign an executive order that puts a total moratorium on all new fossil fuel leases for drilling offshore and on public lands. And I will ban fracking —everywhere.” https://twitter.com/ewarren/status/1170070887887986690 “The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that in 2020, U.S. dry shale gas production was about 26.3 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), and equal to about 79% of total U.S. dry natural gas production in 2020.” https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=907&t=8

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